터미널 환경에서는 일반 데스크탑의 장치관리자처럼 UI 적으로 볼 수 없기 때문에 모델을 확인하기 힘든 경우가 있습니다.
리눅스 터미널에서 장비들의 모델 및 스펙을 확인하는 방법을 알아보겠습니다.
메인보드
메인보드의 모델을 확인하는 방법입니다
명령어 dmidecode -t system
dmidecode -t baseboard 라는 명령어도 있지만, system 에 포함되므로 따로 확인하지 않아도 됩니다.
# dmidecode -t system
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
Product Name: P67X-UD3-B3
Version:
Serial Number:
UUID: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-xxxx
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number:
Family:
Handle 0x0023, DMI type 32, 11 bytes
System Boot Information
Status: No errors detected
바이오스
바이오스의 정보를 확인하는 방법입니다
명령어 dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Award Software International, Inc.
Version: F4
Release Date: 04/13/2011
Address: 0xE0000
Runtime Size: 128 kB
ROM Size: 4096 kB
Characteristics:
PCI is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
Handle 0x0018, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
Language Description Format: Long
Installable Languages: 3
n|US|iso8859-1
n|US|iso8859-1
r|CA|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: n|US|iso8859-1
씨피유
씨피유 모델을 확인하는 방법입니다.
명령어 dmidecode -t processor
# dmidecode -t processor
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: Socket 1155
Type: Central Processor
Family: Other
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: A7 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2500 CPU
Voltage: 1.0 V
External Clock: 100 MHz
Max Speed: 4000 MHz
Current Speed: 3400 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Socket 478
L1 Cache Handle: 0x000A
L2 Cache Handle: 0x000B
L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
코어별로 좀더 세분화되어 정보를 확인하는 방법입니다.
명렁어 cat /proc/cpuinfo
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2500 CPU @ 3.30GHz
stepping : 7
microcode : 0x29
cpu MHz : 1646.575
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 0
cpu cores : 4
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts
bogomips : 6585.13
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2500 CPU @ 3.30GHz
stepping : 7
microcode : 0x29
cpu MHz : 1643.957
cache size : 6144 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 1
cpu cores : 4
apicid : 2
initial apicid : 2
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts
bogomips : 6585.13
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
...
씨피유의 현재 사용량 및 유휴 등을 확인하는 방법입니다.
명령어 top
# top
top - 10:40:49 up 2 days, 18:29, 7 users, load average: 0.23, 0.24, 0.20
Tasks: 323 total, 1 running, 321 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 2.1 us, 3.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 94.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
메모리
메모리의 모델을 확인하는 방법입니다.
명령어 dimdecode -t memory
# dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0005, DMI type 5, 24 bytes
Memory Controller Information
Error Detecting Method: 8-bit Parity
Error Correcting Capabilities:
None
Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave
Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
Maximum Memory Module Size: 1024 MB
Maximum Total Memory Size: 4096 MB
Supported Speeds:
Other
Supported Memory Types:
Other
Memory Module Voltage: 5.0 V
Associated Memory Slots: 4
0x0006
0x0007
0x0008
0x0009
Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:
None
Handle 0x0006, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: A0
Bank Connections: 1
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: Other
Installed Size: 8192 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Enabled Size: 8192 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x0007, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: A1
Bank Connections: 2
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: Other
Installed Size: 8192 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Enabled Size: 8192 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: A2
Bank Connections: 3
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: Other
Installed Size: 4096 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Enabled Size: 4096 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
Socket Designation: A3
Bank Connections: 4
Current Speed: Unknown
Type: Other
Installed Size: 4096 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Enabled Size: 4096 MB (Single-bank Connection)
Error Status: OK
Handle 0x0019, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 4
Handle 0x001A, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0019
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 2304 bits
Data Width: 2052 bits
Size: 8192 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A0
Bank Locator: Bank0/1
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x001B, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0019
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 2304 bits
Data Width: 2052 bits
Size: 8192 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A1
Bank Locator: Bank2/3
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x001C, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0019
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 2304 bits
Data Width: 2244 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A2
Bank Locator: Bank4/5
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x001D, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0019
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 2304 bits
Data Width: 2244 bits
Size: 4096 MB
Form Factor: DIMM
Set: None
Locator: A3
Bank Locator: Bank6/7
Type: Unknown
Type Detail: None
Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 24506408 kB
MemFree: 194020 kB
MemAvailable: 17196352 kB
Buffers: 288132 kB
Cached: 20988976 kB
SwapCached: 372 kB
Active: 10133080 kB
Inactive: 12897940 kB
Active(anon): 1803480 kB
Inactive(anon): 4693520 kB
Active(file): 8329600 kB
Inactive(file): 8204420 kB
Unevictable: 4904 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 12386300 kB
SwapFree: 12384500 kB
Dirty: 36 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 1758444 kB
Mapped: 4902832 kB
Shmem: 4738184 kB
Slab: 916344 kB
SReclaimable: 836764 kB
SUnreclaim: 79580 kB
KernelStack: 11360 kB
PageTables: 64740 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 24639504 kB
Committed_AS: 10679860 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 154448 kB
VmallocChunk: 34359537660 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 913408 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 148992 kB
DirectMap2M: 24999936 kB
디스크
디스크 모델을 확인하는 방법입니다.
명령어 lshw -class disk
# lshw -class disk
*-disk:0
description: ATA Disk
product: WDC WD5000AAKX-0
vendor: Western Digital
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 1H15
serial: WD-WCAYUHV74852
size: 465GiB (500GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=000336d6
*-disk:1
description: ATA Disk
product: SAMSUNG HD502HJ
physical id: 0.1.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.1.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
version: 0001
serial: S233J90ZA17564
size: 465GiB (500GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512 signature=0005e407
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: CDDVDW SH-222BB
vendor: TSSTcorp
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: SB00
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
디스크의 사용량 여유랑을 보는 방법입니다.
명령어 df
# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 52403200 5408604 46994596 11% /
devtmpfs 12235736 0 12235736 0% /dev
tmpfs 12253204 4 12253200 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 12253204 18116 12235088 1% /run
tmpfs 12253204 0 12253204 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-data 447800256 71175136 353855048 17% /data
/dev/mapper/centos-home 448529296 27043300 398678856 7% /home
/dev/sda1 1038336 173828 864508 17% /boot
tmpfs 2450644 8 2450636 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 2450644 0 2450644 0% /run/user/1002
tmpfs 2450644 0 2450644 0% /run/user/1003
tmpfs 2450644 0 2450644 0% /run/user/1004
tmpfs 2450644 0 2450644 0% /run/user/1005
tmpfs 2450644 0 2450644 0% /run/user/1000
네트워크
네트워크 모델을 확인하는 방법입니다.
명렁어 lshw -class network
# lshw -class network
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:07:00.0
logical name: enp7s0
version: 06
serial: 50:e5:49:31:e4:b0
size: 100Mbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168e-3_0.0.4 03/27/12 ip=192.168.0.50 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s
resources: irq:27 ioport:de00(size=256) memory:fbdff000-fbdfffff memory:fbdf8000-fbdfbfff
*-network:0 DISABLED
description: Ethernet interface
physical id: 1
logical name: virbr0-nic
serial: 52:54:00:85:03:f5
size: 10Mbit/s
capabilities: ethernet physical
configuration: autonegotiation=off broadcast=yes driver=tun driverversion=1.6 duplex=full link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=10Mbit/s
*-network:1
description: Ethernet interface
physical id: 2
logical name: virbr0
serial: 52:54:00:85:03:f5
capabilities: ethernet physical
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=bridge driverversion=2.3 firmware=N/A ip=192.168.122.1 link=no multicast=yes
이외에도 시스템 확인에서 유용한 명령어들을 몇개 나열하자면, 아래와 같은 명령어 등이 있습니다.
lshw : 하드웨어의 모든 정보를 출력합니다.
lshw -class bus : bus 로 묶인 장치(usb 장치들 등)들을 출력합니다
ifconfig -a : 현재 네트워크 상태를 출력합니다.
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